和吸煙一樣致命的五大健康殺手

近年來(lái)美國(guó)成人的吸煙率持續(xù)降低，吸煙的危害也在逐漸遠(yuǎn)離人們的生活。然而取而代之的五大健康殺手，危害一點(diǎn)也不比吸煙少，而且這些健康殺手就在你我的身邊。

Loneliness 孤獨(dú)

The growth of social media and waning in-person contact has led Former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy to label loneliness a worldwide epidemic. And it could be lethal.
曾任衛(wèi)生局局長(zhǎng)的維維克?默西認(rèn)為，社交媒體的增長(zhǎng)和面對(duì)面接觸的減少讓孤獨(dú)成為了世界范圍的流行病。而孤獨(dú)可以是致命的。

Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology at Brigham Young University, has found in her research that loneliness reduces people's life spans by the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
楊百翰大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授朱麗安娜?霍爾特-倫斯塔德在她的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，孤獨(dú)會(huì)縮短人的壽命，其危害相當(dāng)于每天抽15根煙。

Sitting 久坐

Sitting all day increases risk for a raft of different cancers, a 2014 study found.
2014年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，終日久坐會(huì)增加患多種癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Researchers included in their meta-analyses data from four million people involving how often they sat to watch TV, do work, and commute.
研究人員在做薈萃分析時(shí)采集了400萬(wàn)人坐下來(lái)看電視、工作和通勤的時(shí)長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。

Each two-hour increase in sitting time upped people's risks for colon, endometrial, and lung cancers, regardless of whether they still exercised during the day.
靜坐的時(shí)間每增加兩個(gè)小時(shí)，就會(huì)增加人們患結(jié)腸癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌和肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不論一天中是否鍛煉。

Sleep loss 失眠

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have called sleep deprivation a public health problem, as some 50 to 70 million people in the US have sleep or wakefulness disorder.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心將失眠稱作公共健康問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)有5000萬(wàn)到7000萬(wàn)的人遭受失眠困擾。

Professor Valery Gafarov, of the World Health Organisation, noted in 2015 that insufficient sleep raises the risk of stroke and heart attack to similar degrees as regular cigarette use.
世界衛(wèi)生組織的瓦雷里?加法羅夫教授在2015年指出，睡眠不足會(huì)提高中風(fēng)和心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，其危害相當(dāng)于經(jīng)常抽煙。

"Poor sleep should be considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease along with smoking, lack of exercise, and poor diet," he said.
他說(shuō)：“睡眠不佳應(yīng)和吸煙、缺乏鍛煉和飲食不良一樣，被視為導(dǎo)致心血管疾病的可調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。”

Tanning 美黑

Indoor tanning may seem like a more controlled version of regular sunbathing, but both are potentially more dangerous than smoking.
室內(nèi)美黑似乎是更可控的日光浴，但是，這兩者都可能比吸煙更危險(xiǎn)。

In 2014, researchers published a study in JAMA that found indoor tanning alone led to more cases of skin cancer than smoking did with lung cancer.
2014年，研究人員在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上發(fā)表的一份研究報(bào)告指出，室內(nèi)美黑導(dǎo)致的皮膚癌比吸煙導(dǎo)致肺癌的病例更多。

"Given the large number of skin cancer cases attributable to indoor tanning, these findings highlight a major public health issue," the investigators wrote.
研究人員寫(xiě)道：“考慮到當(dāng)前有如此多的皮膚癌病例都是由室內(nèi)美黑導(dǎo)致的，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)凸顯出了一個(gè)重大的公共健康問(wèn)題。”

Poor diet 飲食不良

A wealth of evidence has found that sugary, processed foods high in saturated fats can expose people to potentially fatal diseases at similar, if not greater, rates than smoking.
大量證據(jù)表明，含大量飽和脂肪的含糖加工食物會(huì)讓人們?nèi)菀谆忌细鞣N致命疾病，如果其危害不比吸煙更甚，至少也是和吸煙相當(dāng)。

In 2016, researchers studying the mortality risks from poor diet concluded the death rates exceeded those of alcohol, drugs, unprotected sex, and tobacco combined.
2016年，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲食不良的致死率比酗酒、吸毒、無(wú)保護(hù)性行為和吸煙的致死率加起來(lái)還要高。

英文來(lái)源：商業(yè)內(nèi)幕網(wǎng)
翻譯&編輯：丹妮