一滴血可“監(jiān)測腫瘤”，已被批準臨床使用

近日，來自清華大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家羅永章及其團隊自主研發(fā)出一種專門檢測熱休克蛋白90α的試劑盒。患者只需取一滴血，即可用于癌癥病情監(jiān)測和治療效果評價。臨床數(shù)據(jù)表明，在肺癌中，傳統(tǒng)的腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA靈敏度只有54%，符合率為66%；而熱休克蛋白90α的靈敏度達到72%，符合率為75%，明顯優(yōu)于CEA。而在肝癌中，傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)志物AFP靈敏度為53%，符合率為74%；熱休克蛋白90α的靈敏度達到93%，符合率為92%。目前，該試劑盒已通過臨床試驗驗證，并通過歐盟認證，獲準進入中國和歐盟市場。

不過，對于此前媒體報道的“一滴血可測癌癥”這種說法，浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院蘇丹教授表示不太嚴謹，過分夸大了腫瘤標(biāo)志物在腫瘤診斷中的作用，“文章標(biāo)題會誤導(dǎo)老百姓認為靠一滴血就能測出自己是否會患癌癥，患哪種癌癥。”

事實上，羅永章也曾在一次采訪中辟謠過，“一滴血可測癌癥”這一說法很不準確，確切的說法應(yīng)該是“監(jiān)測腫瘤”。他認為，由于射線劑量大和費用較高等原因，CT等影像學(xué)檢測方法并不適合經(jīng)常性地使用，因此，腫瘤標(biāo)志物對于癌癥病人預(yù)后和療效評價具有重要應(yīng)用價值。

具體的監(jiān)測方法是，癌癥病人在傳統(tǒng)方法治療后再采血檢測，通過比較人90α含量的變化，來輔助醫(yī)生對治療效果進行評價，并持續(xù)地監(jiān)測。

下面請看CGTN報道：

Scientists around the world are striving for effective detection of cancer in the early stages, and a Chinese scientist may have found a quick way of knowing whether malignant tumors exist in a patient's body, with just one drop of blood.
尋找癌癥早期的有效檢測手段是全世界科學(xué)家們?yōu)橹Φ姆较颍晃恢袊茖W(xué)家可能已經(jīng)找到一種快捷的方法，只需要一滴血，就可以判斷病人體內(nèi)是否存在惡性腫瘤。

Luo Yongzhang and his team in Tsinghua University's School of Life Sciences in Beijing have successfully invented a reagent test kit of Hsp90α for clinical use, which can diagnose multiple kinds of cancer by analyzing a drop of human blood.
來自清華大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院的羅永章及其團隊成功研發(fā)了一種臨床用熱休克蛋白90α試劑盒，它能通過分析一滴人體血液診斷多種癌癥。

Malignant tumors in early phases can be cured but once they have spread all over the patient's body there is no way to save the person's life.
惡性腫瘤在早期階段可以治愈，但一旦擴散到病人全身，就無藥可醫(yī)。

However, it's extremely difficult to be aware of cancer in its early stages, as patients don't show obvious symptoms, so to detect cancer early remains a global challenge for scientists.
然而，癌癥在早期階段十分難以察覺，因為患者沒有明顯的癥狀表現(xiàn)。因此，癌癥的早期檢測對全球科學(xué)家來說始終都是一個挑戰(zhàn)。

Back in 1989, scientists have found a kind of heat shock proteins (HSP), named Hsp90α, which existed in human bodies and can be used as a cancer biomarker detection kit.
早在1989年，科學(xué)家們就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了熱休克蛋白90α。這種熱休克蛋白存在于人體內(nèi)，可用作腫瘤生物標(biāo)志物檢測試劑盒。

Scientists around the globe have been working on it since then, and more than 10,000 journals have been published on accredited magazines, yet no one has actually turned their research results into medical products.
此后，世界各國的研究團隊已經(jīng)圍繞這種蛋白，在權(quán)威雜志上發(fā)表了1萬多篇論文，然而還沒有人把研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品。

However, Luo and his team seemed to have cracked the code, after working on the problem since 2009. The team has produced an artificial Hsp90α protein that gains structural stability by regrouping proteins. This means they are able to "create" the protein, in any quantity, and at any time they wish to.
羅永章及其團隊自2009年開始研究這一問題，而他們似乎已經(jīng)攻克難題。研究小組通過重組蛋白質(zhì)制備出結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的人工熱休克蛋白90α。這意味著他們可以隨時隨意“生產(chǎn)”任意數(shù)量的熱休克蛋白90α。

The kit has since been used in clinical trials involving 2,347 patients at eight hospitals in China. It was the first clinical trial in the world to test if the protein could be a useful tumor biomarker for lung cancer, and it succeeded.
該試劑盒此后被應(yīng)用于臨床試驗，已對國內(nèi)8家醫(yī)院的2347例患者進行測試。這是世界上首個研究熱休克蛋白90α能否作為肺癌的有效腫瘤生物標(biāo)志物的臨床試驗，也是首個成功的試驗。

Now, the kit has been certified to enter the Chinese and European markets, 24 years after Hsp90α was discovered.
在發(fā)現(xiàn)熱休克蛋白90α24年后，該試劑盒現(xiàn)已經(jīng)獲準進入中國和歐盟市場。

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
癌癥是異常細胞生長且可能侵入或擴散至身體其他部位的一系列疾病。

In 2015, about 90.5 million people had cancer in the world, with roughly 14.1 million new cases occurring each year. Approximately 8.8 million human deaths, or 15.7 percent of all deaths in the world, are caused by cancer.
2015年，全球約有9050萬例癌癥患者，每年大約有1410萬例新生病例。約有880萬人死于癌癥，占全球死亡人數(shù)的15.7%。

In China alone, 4.29 million people were detected as having cancer in 2015, and 2.8 million of them died in that year.
2015年，僅在中國檢測出的癌癥患者就有429萬人，而當(dāng)年死亡的癌癥患者為280萬。

英文來源：CGTN
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：丹妮