豆腐為印尼提供清潔能源

For people living in some remote villages in Indonesia, heating houses and fuelling stoves can be a real challenge. The resources required, like gas and wood, have to get shipped in and distributed to individual households, and not only does this process take a whole lot of time - some families wait weeks for new gas to arrive - it also produces a tonne of emissions that contribute to global warming.
在印度尼西亞的一些偏遠(yuǎn)小村莊中，房屋取暖和鍋爐燃料是個(gè)大問(wèn)題。像天然氣、木頭之類的資源需要從外面運(yùn)輸進(jìn)來(lái)，然后再分配到每個(gè)家庭。這個(gè)過(guò)程很漫長(zhǎng)，許多家庭要等好幾周，而且這些燃料會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳，加劇全球變暖。

The good news is that this antiquated system is now on its way out, thanks to an unlikely source: tofu.
好消息是，這種陳舊的方式將被取代，這多虧了一種不同尋常的來(lái)源：豆腐。

You're probably familiar with tofu as a delicious, fluffy treat that's made from bean curd, but in Indonesia, tofu isn't just a snack - it's a livelihood, with hundreds of small, family-run shops producing tofu in massive quantities every day.
大家都知道豆腐軟乎乎的很美味。但是在印尼，豆腐不只是一種食物，更是一種營(yíng)生，成千上萬(wàn)的家庭式小作坊每天要生產(chǎn)大量的豆腐。

Now, thanks to a government-run program, the waste water from all that tofu production is getting transformed into biogas that can be pumped directly to houses.
如今，當(dāng)?shù)卣鲗?dǎo)了一項(xiàng)工程：將所有做豆腐剩下的水用來(lái)生產(chǎn)沼氣，然后供應(yīng)給各家各戶。

But how does it work?
但是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的呢？

First, let's talk about tofu. Tofu has been made the same way for generations, and it's a rather simple, yet time-consuming process.
首先是生產(chǎn)豆腐。多少年來(lái)，豆腐都是相同的做法，過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單但是耗時(shí)。

Basically, producers start by soaking and grinding soybeans to separate the soy milk from the soy pulp. This step takes the longest because the beans have to soak for hours before they are ready for separation.
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，就是要浸泡然后研磨大豆，把豆?jié){和豆渣分離。這個(gè)步驟耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樾枰獙⒋蠖菇輸?shù)小時(shí)，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)分離。

After the separated parts go through a filtration system, the protein and oil are separated from the soy milk. A chemical coagulant is added to firm everything up. Once formed, you have tofu ready for cutting. So, in essence, tofu is coagulated soy milk that you can pick up and eat.
分離出來(lái)的豆?jié){經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)濾，蛋白質(zhì)和油脂就從豆?jié){中分離出來(lái)，然后在豆?jié){中加入混凝劑就形成豆腐了。當(dāng)豆腐成形時(shí)，就可以切成塊了。本質(zhì)上，豆腐就是一種讓你可以用手拿起來(lái)吃的固態(tài)的豆?jié){。

Though simple in practice, an enormous amount of water is required to make tofu - roughly 33 litres for every kilogram of spongy bean curd.
盡管操作過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單，但是制作過(guò)程中需要大量的水，大概每公斤豆腐需要使用33升水。

Researchers found that this waste water could be turned into biogas if a certain type of bacteria is added to it.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在這些廢水中加入某種細(xì)菌就可以將廢水轉(zhuǎn)化為沼氣。

Every day, the waste water is collected from various shops and treated with bacteria. Once transformed, the gas is pumped directly to local homes.
每天從各個(gè)作坊收集的廢水被集中到一起，然后在里面加入細(xì)菌，隨后就能產(chǎn)生沼氣，即時(shí)供應(yīng)給當(dāng)?shù)刈簟?/p>

Besides creating a green energy source for locals, using all that waste water has significantly helped the local environment. Thousands of litres of waste water drained from raw tofu was once pumped daily from factories around the village into nearby rivers, befouling waterways and contaminating rice fields downstream.
這個(gè)方法不僅為當(dāng)?shù)靥峁┝司G色能源，而且合理地處理廢水對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境也是很好的保護(hù)。在此之前，每天制造生豆腐產(chǎn)生的成千上萬(wàn)升廢水從村中各處的作坊排放到附近的河流中，污染了河流和下游的稻田。

Without all that wastewater lying around, farmers have seen an increased rice yield and the foul smell that comes with tofu production has left the area.
沒(méi)有了廢水的污染，水稻產(chǎn)量上升了，難聞的氣味也沒(méi)有了。

The hope for Kalisari is to become the first full-blown green village in Indonesia. If they're successful, there's no reason why similar programs couldn’t sweep across the region, dramatically changing the way people get the energy they need to live out their lives.
Kalisari有望成為第一個(gè)完全使用綠色能源的村莊。如果真能做到這一點(diǎn)，那么這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就能順理成章地推廣到其他地區(qū)，極大地改變當(dāng)?shù)氐哪茉词褂梅绞健?/p>

Vocabulary

biogas: 沼氣
coagulant: 凝結(jié)劑

英文來(lái)源：sciencealert
中文來(lái)源：煎蛋網(wǎng)
審校&編輯：丹妮