德翼空難 飛行員蓄意墜機事件盤點

Picture of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz

據報道，德國之翼失事客機的副駕駛涉嫌蓄意操縱飛機撞山。歷史上，飛行員蓄意撞毀飛機的悲劇也曾發生過數次。

事故：勝安航空185號班機空難
日期：1982年2月9日
遇難人數：104
原因：可能是機長操作飛機俯沖。

There was great controversy as to the cause of the crash, which was investigated by two separate agencies independent of each other. The United States' National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) made a conclusion from its interpretation of the absent black box data, that the crash was the result of deliberate flight control inputs, most likely by the captain. However, the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) stated in its report that it could not determine a cause of the crash due to inconclusive evidence.
此次墜機事件的原因存在巨大爭議。兩個調查機構各自獨立完成了調查。美國國家運輸安全委員會對黑匣子數據缺失做出推斷，認為很可能是由于機長的蓄意操作導致墜機。但印尼國家運輸安全委員會聲明因缺少決定性證據，無法確定事故原因。

事故：日航350號班機空難
日期：1997年12月19日
遇難人數：24
原因：機長患有精神疾病，蓄意撞毀飛機。

The cause of the crash was traced to the captain's deliberate engaging of the number 2 and 3 engines' thrust-reversers in flight. The first officer and flight engineer worked to restrain him and regain control. Despite their best efforts, the DC-8's descent could not be completely checked, and it touched down in shallow water 300 meters (980 ft) short of the runway.
機長故意打開第2、第3引擎的推力反向器（通常用于降落時減速），制造了此次空難。盡管副機長和航空工程師試圖制服機長并重新控制飛機，但未能完全阻止這架道格拉斯DC-8型客機下降。飛機最終降落在離跑道300米的一片淺水中。

Captain Seiji Katagiri, one of the first people to take a rescue boat, reportedly told rescuers that he was an office worker, to avoid being identified as the captain. Katagiri was later found to be suffering from a mental illness prior to the incident, which resulted in a decision that he was not guilty by reason of insanity.
片桐清二機長是最早被救上船的人員之一。報道稱他為了避免被認出是機長，向救援人員偽稱自己是一名白領。事后，片桐清二被查出在事故前就罹患精神疾病，并因此被判無罪。

事故：LAM莫桑比克航空470號班機空難
日期：2013年11月29日
遇難人數：27
原因：機長把副機長鎖在駕駛艙外，并操作飛機墜毀。

The plane's altitude was changed three times from 38,000 feet (11,582 m) to 592 feet (180 m), the latter being below ground level, and the speed was manually adjusted as well. The cockpit voice recorder captured several alarms going off during the descent, as well as repeated loud bangs on the door from the co-pilot, who was locked out of the cockpit.
飛機飛行高度經過3次改變，從38000英尺下降到低于地面的592英尺（墜機地點的海拔高度約為1000 - 2000米），飛行速度也被人為改變。座艙通話記錄器表明，在飛機下降過程中響起過數次警報，被鎖在駕駛艙外的另一名飛行員也曾反復砸門。

（來源：滬江英語，編輯 Helen）