文化面面觀

1. 畫家 Goya

Born: 30 March 1746
Birthplace: Fuendetodos, Zaragoza, Spain
Died: 16 April 1828
Best Known As: Spanish painter of Maya Nude

Name at birth: Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes

The Nude Maja, ca. 1800.

Goya is considered the 18th Century's foremost painter and etcher of Spanish culture, known for his realistic scenes of battles, bullfights and human corruption. Goya lived during a time of upheaval in Spain that included war with France, the Inquisition, the rule of Napoleon's brother, Joseph, as the King of Spain and, finally, the reign of the Spanish King Ferdinand VII. Experts proclaim these events -- and Goya's deafness as a result of an illness in 1793 -- as central to understanding Goya's work, which frequently depicts human misery in a satiric and sometimes nightmarish fashion. From the 1770s he was a royal court painter for Charles III and Charles IV, and when Bonaparte took the throne in 1809, Goya swore fealty to the new king. When the crown was restored to Spain's Ferdinand VII (1814), Goya, in spite of his earlier allegiance to the French king, was reinstated as royal painter. After 1824 he lived in self-imposed exile in Bordeaux until his death, reportedly because of political differences with Ferdinand. Over his long career he created hundreds of paintings, etchings, and lithographs, among them Maya Clothed and Maya Nude (1798-1800); Caprichos (1799-82); The Second of May 1808 and The Third of May 1808 (1814); Disasters of War

The Family of Charles IV, 1800. Théophile Gautier described the figures as looking like "the corner baker and his wife after they won the lottery".

(1810-20); and The Black Paintings (1820-23). Although he left behind no followers of note, his work influenced artists of the 19th and 20th centuries (especially Picasso), and Goya is sometimes called "the Father of Modern Art."

2. Renoir 家族

The name Renoir refers to more than one person.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25 1841 - December 3 1919), a pre-eminent French painter.

Pierre Renoir (March 21, 1885 - March 11, 1952), an actor and son of Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Jean Renoir (September 15 1894 - February 12 1979), a film director and son of Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Claude Renoir (December 4, 1914 - September 5, 1993), a cinematographer and son of Pierre Renoir.

Alain Renoir, an emeritus professor of comparative literature at the University of California at Berkeley, son of Jean Renoir.

Pierre R. Renoir (born 1958), French-born Canadian painter and great-grandson of Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

考考你

用今日所學將下面的句子譯成英語。

1. 老板們同意工人們加薪的要求。
2. 這只隊隊一連五次取得勝利。
3. 倫敦的公共汽車每小時零分開出一趟。

Sex and the City《欲望城市》（精講之十）考考你 參考答案

1．我們把車泊在路邊，去觀賞日落。
We pulled over to watch the sunset.

2．她的父母希望她能結婚、組建家庭。
Her parents wished she would settle down and raise a family.

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(英語點津Annabel編輯)