1960年3月21日，南非白人種族主義政權(quán)血腥鎮(zhèn)壓南非黑人在沙佩維爾鎮(zhèn)舉行的和平游行，造成69人死亡，180人受傷。故此，3月21日被定為“南非人權(quán)日”，也可以叫做“國際消除種族歧視”。

 
Sharpeville is a township outside of Johannesburg where police shot and killed 69 anti-apartheid protesters and wounded 180 others on March 21 1960. The protesters were resisting a new law, The Native Laws Amendment Act, which required all black South Africans to carry a pass that restricted their movement in "white" urban areas. Failure to produce the reference book on demand by the police was a punishable offence.

Robert Subukwe, leader of the Pan African Congress

President Nelson Mandela addressing the crowd from a Town Hall balcony in 1994.

(PAC), had made the following statement just five days before the mass killings in Sharpeville. "I have appealed to the African people to make sure that the campaign we are to embark on must be conducted in good spirit and non violence," he said, "and I am certain they will heed my call. If the [government] so desires, we will provide them with ample opportunity to demonstrate to the world how brutal they can be."

Subukwe had no idea how true his words would be. Heeding the PAC's call, about 5,000 people marched peacefully, without their passes, gathering at the Sharpeville police station on the morning of that fateful day in 1960. In the ensuing scuffle, police opened fire on the protesters. The resulting carnage shocked South Africans and the international community and the incident became known as the Sharpeville massacre.

Memorial in Soweto, a township outside of Johannesburg, where students and young people rose up against Apartheid

After the fall of Apartheid, South Africans drew up a new Constitution under President Nelson Mandela, the cornerstone of which is the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedom and equal rights to all. The South African Human Rights Commission was launched on March 21 in 1996, 35 years after the fateful events in Sharpeville. The aim of the Commission is to promote respect for human rights, promote the protection, development and attainment of human rights, and to monitor and assess the observance of human rights in the country. March 21 is now a public holiday in South Africa called Human Rights Day.

The date is also recognized by the international community as the UN International Day Against Racial Discrimination. Kofi Annan addressed the injustice of the Sharpeville massacre and pointed to continuing problems with racial intolerance stating that, "More than 40 years later, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance are still extremely serious problems. Indeed, discrimination is deeply embedded in the economic, social and political structures of many societies, and has been among the root causes of a number of violent conflicts."

As South Africans prepare to celebrate 10 years of democracy, these issues are still relevant, and extremely high levels of gun violence have become one of the country's most serious problems. But organizations in the IANSA network are working hard to address these problems.

Vocabulary:

Anti-apartheid: 反種族分離的 Constitution: 憲法 Amendment: 修正 Massacre: 殺戮 Embed: 使嵌入（文中指“種族歧視深植/扎根于其社會政治、經(jīng)濟、生活之中”） （通訊員東華大學傅麗莉投稿 英語點津陳蓓編輯）