This is the VOA Special
English Education Report.
Not all college teachers are professors. In fact, not even all professors are
full professors. Many are assistant or associate or adjunct professors. This
week in our Foreign Student Series, we sort out academic titles at American
colleges and universities.
Professors usually need a doctorate degree. But sometimes a school may offer
positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate.
Such a person would be called an instructor until the degree has been
completed. After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor.
Assistant professors do not have tenure.
A person with tenure cannot be easily dismissed. Such appointments are
permanent. Teachers and researchers who are hired with the understanding that
they will seek tenure are said to be "on the tenure track." Assistant professor
is the first job on this path.
Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure.
During this time, other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is
denied, then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to get research published.
"Publish or perish" is the traditional saying.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An
associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach
classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on
committees and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on
a tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions. A
visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of
time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position, to do
research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may
or may not have a doctorate.
And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Nancy
Steinbach. This is the twenty-seventh week of our Foreign Student Series on
higher education in the United States -- with more to come.
I'm Steve Ember.
tenure : the status of holding
one's position on a permanent basis without periodic contract
renewals（終身職位）
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