你見(jiàn)過(guò)磨石（grindstone）嗎？它是用來(lái)磨谷物的兩片圓石頭中的一片（a rotating stone wheel used for sharpening, shaping, polishing, etc.）。那么，把鼻子放到兩片磨石之間就必然會(huì)受傷。所以，“nose to the grindstone”這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)最初是用來(lái)表達(dá)“疼痛”的意思，但是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)已經(jīng)不再有這個(gè)意思了。
“To put or keep one’s nose to the grindstone”現(xiàn)在的意思是“to be in a state of strenuous hard work”。19世紀(jì)中葉，“keep/put one’s nose to the grindstone”這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)就有了“辛苦工作”的意思，特別指枯燥乏味的工作。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)形容長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辛苦勞作的人們，如下面這句話描寫(xiě)的：“But without a dependable retirement plan, we would not be assure of being able to enjoy a comfortable and leisurely retirement, and would have to keep our poor noses to the grindstone until we conk out.”（Business World, 1999）
下面我們來(lái)談?wù)劇皃ut your nose to the grindstone”和“put your shoulder to the wheel”的區(qū)別，二者意思極為相近，但前者指那種持續(xù)的，看似無(wú)休無(wú)止的工作，而“put your shoulder to the wheel”則形容有限的工作，精力充沛的完成某項(xiàng)工作，特別是有難度的工作。 “Put your shoulder to the wheel”的這個(gè)意義起源于人們用肩頭抵住車輪，把陷入泥潭的車子推出去。
但是在日常生活中，這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)是可以通用的，如下面這段話：
Businesses that had seemed in a state of suspended animation in the latter part of the week, their workers distracted by worry and grief, put shoulders to the wheel and noses to the grindstone. The incredible engine that is the American economy began to pick up speed once more. (The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, September 17, 2001)
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