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If winning is
everything, British anthropologists have some advice: Wear
red. | |
If winning is everything, British anthropologists have some advice:
Wear red. Their survey of four sports at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens
shows competitors were more likely to win their contests if they wore red
uniforms or red body armor.
"Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently
associated with a higher probability of winning," report Russell A. Hill
and Robert A. Barton of the University of Durham in England. Their
findings are in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.
Red coloration is associated with aggression in many animals. Often it
is sexually selected so that scarlet markings signal male dominance.
Just think of the red stripes on the scowling face of the male Mandrill, Africa's largest monkey
species. But red is not exclusively a male trait. It's the female black widow spider that is venomous
and displays a menacing red
dot on her abdomen.
Similarly, the color's effect also may subconsciously intimidate
opponents in athletic contests, especially when the athletes are equal in
skill and strength, the researchers suggest.
In their survey, the anthropologists analyzed the results of four
combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman
wrestling and freestyle wrestling.
In those events, the athletes were randomly assigned red protective
gear and other sportwear.
Athletes wearing red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of
competition in all four events.
The effect was the same regardless of weight classes, too: 19 of 29
classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.
The red effect also might come into play in team sports.
The anthropologists made a preliminary analysis of the Euro 2004
international soccer tournament, in which teams wore jerseys of different
colors in different matches. They found that five teams scored more goals
and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as
opposed to blue or white jerseys.
Scientists don't precisely known how wearing red might give athletes an
advantage. But the color delivers implicit messages of vigor and danger.
When people get angry, their faces turn red. It's also a reason why
stop signs are red. So are
most Ferraris.
(Agencies) |
如果獲勝對(duì)您來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，那么英國(guó)人類(lèi)學(xué)家建議您:
請(qǐng)穿紅色的衣服參加比賽。他們對(duì)2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的四個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究，結(jié)果表明穿紅色運(yùn)動(dòng)服或防護(hù)外套的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中獲勝的可能性更大。
“通過(guò)對(duì)不同體育項(xiàng)目的研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)穿紅色衣服通常意味著更高的獲勝可能性?！庇⒏裉m杜倫大學(xué)的拉塞爾·A·希爾和羅伯特·A·巴頓說(shuō)。他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在本周四出版的《自然》雜志上。
對(duì)很多動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，紅色象征著進(jìn)攻。就兩性而言，動(dòng)物身上的紅色斑紋象征著雄性的統(tǒng)治權(quán)。
只要想想雄性大狒狒愁眉不展的面孔上的紅色條紋就很容易理解吧，它們可是非洲最大的猿類(lèi)動(dòng)物。但紅色并不僅僅是雄性的特征，在雌性毒蜘蛛“黑寡婦”的腹部同樣可以看到有威懾作用的紅點(diǎn)。
研究者們認(rèn)為，同樣，在體育比賽中，紅色也能夠在潛意識(shí)上對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手產(chǎn)生威懾作用，尤其當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)雙方的技巧和力量都不相上下時(shí)。
人類(lèi)學(xué)家們還分析了雅典夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)中四項(xiàng)對(duì)抗性運(yùn)動(dòng)的比賽結(jié)果，它們分別是拳擊、跆拳道、古典式摔跤和自由式摔跤。
在這些賽事中，紅色的護(hù)具和運(yùn)動(dòng)裝束被隨機(jī)分配給運(yùn)動(dòng)員們。
在這四項(xiàng)賽事中，穿紅色防護(hù)外套的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在21輪比賽中共獲得16次勝利。
即使在不同重量級(jí)的比賽中，紅色產(chǎn)生的效果也是相同的。在29個(gè)級(jí)別的比賽中，有19個(gè)級(jí)別的獲勝者以穿紅色居多，只有四輪比賽里穿藍(lán)色的獲勝者較多。
紅色還可能會(huì)在集體運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中發(fā)揮效力。
人類(lèi)學(xué)家們還對(duì)2004年歐洲國(guó)際足球錦標(biāo)賽做了初步分析，就各支球隊(duì)在不同的比賽中所穿的不同顏色的隊(duì)服進(jìn)行比較。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有五支球隊(duì)在穿紅色基調(diào)的球衣與穿藍(lán)色或白色球衣的對(duì)手抗衡時(shí)，他們的進(jìn)球和獲勝次數(shù)都增加了。
科學(xué)家們并不很確定穿紅色衣服是如何使運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)的，但這種顏色暗含著活力和危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)。當(dāng)人們憤怒時(shí)，他們的臉會(huì)漲得通紅。這也是為什么停車(chē)標(biāo)志被做成紅色的一個(gè)原因，還有那么多紅色的法拉利跑車(chē)。
（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站譯） |
Updated: 2005-05-20 09:47
