<tt id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"></pre></pre></tt>
          <nav id="6hsgl"><th id="6hsgl"></th></nav>
          国产免费网站看v片元遮挡,一亚洲一区二区中文字幕,波多野结衣一区二区免费视频,天天色综网,久久综合给合久久狠狠狠,男人的天堂av一二三区,午夜福利看片在线观看,亚洲中文字幕在线无码一区二区
            Home>News Center>World
                   
           

          US foresaw terror threats in 1970s: AP
          (Agencies)
          Updated: 2005-01-24 09:12

          Nearly three decades before the Sept. 11 attacks, a high-level government panel developed plans to protect the nation against terrorist acts ranging from radiological "dirty bombs" to airline missile attacks, according to declassified documents obtained by The Associated Press.

          "Unless governments take basic precautions, we will continue to stand at the edge of an awful abyss," Robert Kupperman, chief scientist for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, wrote in a 1977 report that summarized nearly five years of work by the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism.

          Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, left, and President Richard M. Nixon are see after Kissinger was sworn is as the 56th secretary of state in the East Room of the White House in Washington in this Sept. 22, 1973 file photo. Nearly three decades before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, a high-level panel, including Sec. Kissinger, established plans to avert terrorist attacks on the United States, according to documents obtained by The Associated Press. (AP
          Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, left, and President Richard M. Nixon are see after Kissinger was sworn is as the 56th secretary of state in the East Room of the White House in Washington in this Sept. 22, 1973 file photo. Nearly three decades before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, a high-level panel, including Sec. Kissinger, established plans to avert terrorist attacks on the United States, according to documents obtained by The Associated Press. [AP]
          The group was formed in September 1972 by President Nixon after Palestinian commandos slaughtered 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games. The committee involved people as diverse as Henry Kissinger to a young Rudolph Giuliani, the once-secret documents show.

          "It is vital that we take every possible action ourselves and in concert with other nations designed to assure against acts of terrorism," Nixon wrote in asking his secretary of state, William Rogers, to oversee the task force.

          "It is equally important that we be prepared to act quickly and effectively in the event that, despite all efforts at prevention, an act of terrorism occurs involving the United States, either at home or abroad," the president said.

          The full committee met only once, in October 1972, to organize, but its experts did get together twice a month over nearly five years to identify threats and debate solutions, the memos show.

          Eventually, the group's influence waned as competing priorities, a change of presidents ushered in by Watergate, bureaucratic turf battles and a lack of spectacular domestic attacks took their toll.

          But before that happened, the panel identified many of the same threats that would confront President Bush at the dawn of the 21st century.

          The experts fretted that terrorists might gather loose nuclear materials for a "dirty bomb" that could devastate an American city by spreading lethal radioactivity.

          "This is a real threat, not science fiction," National Security Council staffer Richard T. Kennedy wrote his boss, Kissinger, in November 1972.

          Rogers, in a memo to Nixon in mid-1973, praised the Atomic Energy Commission's steps to safeguard nuclear weapons. Rogers, however, also warned the president that "atomic materials could afford mind-boggling possibilities for terrorists."

          Committee members identified commercial jets as a particular vulnerability, but raised concerns that airlines would not pay for security improvements such as tighter screening procedures and routine baggage inspections.

          "The trouble with the plans is that airlines and airports will have to absorb the costs and so they will scream bloody murder should this be required of them," according to a White House memo from 1972. "Otherwise, it is a sound plan which will curtail the risk of hijacking substantially."

          By 1976, government pressure to improve airport security and thwart hijackings had awakened airline industry lobbyists.

          The International Air Transport Association said "airport security is the responsibility of the host government. The airline industry did not consider the terrorist threat its most significant problem; it had to measure it against other priorities. If individual companies were forced to provide their own security, they would go broke," according to minutes from one meeting.

          Thousands of pages of heavily blacked out records and memos obtained by the AP from government archives and under the Freedom of Information Act show the task force:

          -- discussed defending commercial aircraft against being shot down by portable missile systems;

          -- recommended improved vigilance at potential "soft" targets, such as major holiday events, municipal water supplies, nuclear power plants and electric power facilities;

          -- supported cracking down on foreigners living in and traveling through the United States, with particular attention to Middle Easterners and Arab-Americans;

          -- developed plans to protect U.S. diplomats and businessmen working abroad against kidnapping and attack.

          Though the CIA routinely updated the committee on potential terrorist threats and plots, task force members learned quickly that intelligence gathering and coordination was a weak spot, just as Bush would discover three decades later.

          Long before he was mayor and helped New York City recover from the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, Giuliani told the committee in May 1976 that he feared legal restrictions were thwarting federal agents from collecting intelligence unless there had been a violation of the law.

          Giuliani, who at that time was the associate deputy attorney general in President Ford's Justice Department, suggested relaxing intelligence collection guidelines — something that occurred with the Patriot Act three decades later

          Other committee members said that obstacles to intelligence gathering were more bureaucratic than legal.

          Lewis Hoffacker, a veteran ambassador who served as chairman of the terrorism working group, told the AP that institutional rivalries, particularly between the FBI and CIA, were a constant source of frustration even in the 1970s.

          "That was our headache, a quarter-century ago," said Hoffacker, now retired. "They all pulled back into their little fiefdoms. The CIA was always off by itself, and the FBI was dealing with the same situation they're dealing with today."

          Finding the political will to fight terrorism in the absence of a major attack in the United States also quickly became a problem. Proposals for international penalties against countries harboring terrorists drew little support from the United Nations (news - web sites), the memos show.

          "The climate at the 1974 General Assembly was such that no profitable initiative in the terrorism field was feasible," Ford heard from Kissinger, his secretary of state, in early 1975.

          Two years later, the working group was absorbed by the National Security Council. In a 1978 report, the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee worried that the Carter administration was not giving enough attention to terrorism.

          "The United States will not be able to combat the growing challenge of terrorism unless the executive policy-making apparatus is more effectively and forcefully utilized," the Senate committee warned.



           
            Today's Top News     Top World News
           

          FM: 8 freed hostages now in embassy, coming home soon

           

             
           

          Shanghai plans 1 billion yuan space city

           

             
           

          8 Vietnamese robbers shot dead in China sea

           

             
           

          China-Japan frictions moving to military field

           

             
           

          1.2 mln applicants crowd into exam rooms

           

             
           

          Women master men... and their wallets

           

             
            US envoy acknowledges Iraq election woes
             
            Tsunami warning system wins endorsement
             
            Fugitive seen as link between 9/11, Madrid
             
            Iraqi group claims killing of foreign nationals
             
            Italy to hold regional elections
             
            Palestinian group ready to end violence
             
           
            Go to Another Section  
           
           
            Story Tools  
             
            News Talk  
            Are the Republicans exploiting the memory of 9/11?  
          Advertisement
                   
          主站蜘蛛池模板: 免费无码又爽又刺激网站直播| 99久久精品久久久久久婷婷| 久久精品国产999大香线焦 | 亚洲av日韩在线资源| 狠狠躁夜夜躁人人爽天天bl| 久久亚洲国产品一区二区| 无码小电影在线观看网站免费| 麻豆第一区mv免费观看网站| 国产精品有码在线观看| 宝贝几天没c你了好爽菜老板| 少妇被无套内谢免费看| 熟妇人妻系列aⅴ无码专区友真希| 99热久久这里只有精品| 99久久精品久久久久久婷婷| 精品无码一区二区三区电影| 午夜爽爽爽男女污污污网站| 少妇真人直播免费视频| 久久精品国产久精国产69| 久久精品无码一区二区国产区| 中国CHINA体内裑精亚洲日本| 搡老女人老妇女老熟女o在线阅读| 国产欧美日韩精品丝袜高跟鞋| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久| 色悠悠在线观看入口一区| 99久久99久久加热有精品| 精品一区二区三区蜜桃麻豆| 精品无码老熟妇magnet| 成人国产av精品免费网| 在线看免费无码的av天堂| 欧美色丁香| 女人色熟女乱| 人妻无码中文字幕| 日韩AV片无码一区二区不卡| 亚洲av无码一区东京热| 嫩草院一区二区乱码| 免费无码的av片在线观看| 又湿又紧又大又爽A视频男| 青青青爽在线视频观看| 起碰免费公开97在线视频| 日韩美女av二区三区四区| 福利一区二区在线视频|