The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was jointly founded by the Communist Party of China (CPC), non-Communist political parties, the democrats with no party affiliations, people's organizations and public figures prior to the People's Republic of China.

It is also known as the New Political Consultative Conference to differentiate it from the old Political Consultative Conference which convened in southwest China's Chongqing in 1946.

In 1948, the CPC called for a new political consultative conference in order to expand and consolidate the people's democratic united front. A preparatory meeting for the conference was held in Beiping (now Beijing) in June 1949. After the meeting, Zhou Enlai, a CPC leader, suggested the political consultative conference adopt the same practice as many of the other organizations by using the word "people" in its name. The proposal was accepted.

The second preparatory meeting held on September 17, 1949 resolved to rename the "New Political Consultative Conference" as the "Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference".