From 17th Century to 20th Century A.D.
Qing Dynasty: It strengthened Overall Administration over Tibet.
The Qing Dynasty strengthened its overall administration over Tibet. In 1652 A.D., the Fifth Dalai Lama went to Beijing to pay homage, and the following year, Emperor Shunzhi conferred upon him the title of "Dalai Lama , Buddha of Great Compassion in the West, Leader of the Buddhist Faith beneath the sky, Holder of the Vajra” and bestowed upon him a gold album and a gold seal. In 1713 A.D., Emperor Kangxi conferred upon the Fifth Panchen the title of "Panchen Erdeni” and bestowed upon him a gold album and a gold seal. Since then, the Central Government officially established their political and religious positions as well as privileges in Tibet. And it became a convention that Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas of successive generations were conferred and granted by the Central Government. In 1727 A.D., Ambans (resident officials in Tibet) were dispatched to Lhasa and officials were directly sent by the Court to supervise all affairs in Tibet. In 1751 A.D., authorized by the Central Government, the bKav-shag (the local government of Tibet) was established. In 1793 A.D., the Qing Government issued Twenty-nine-Article Ordinance for the More Efficient Governing of Tibet, making definite and concrete stipulations on assignment of personnel, and administrative, financial, military and foreign affairs. The method of drawing lots from a gold urn to confirm reincarnated soul boys was initiated. As a result, the Central Government controlled the confirmation of the reincarnated soul boys of Dalai Larnas, Panchen Lamas and major Rin-po-ches in various places of Tibet.
