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The anti-corruption campaign swept the nation in 2013 with a magnitude and scale as never seen before. Numbers of high-profile officials were under investigation and some have been already removed from office. More than 180,000 officials have been brought to justice. The swift move of the campaign has created significant momentum. The government has realized that systematic approaches as well as right checks and balances are something urgently needed not only to punish corruption but also to monitor the exercise of power and to prevent corruption. According to Premier Li's speech, "The Chinese government will build a system for combating corruption and penalize crooked officials without mercy in accordance with the law," and "The government will strengthen administrative oversight and correct improper conduct in trades, and intensify auditing and release more auditing results to the public". In his government report, Premier Li also introduced some practical measures to curb and ban officials' conspicuous spending, such as strictly banning construction of new government buildings. Corruption is deeply rooted in the Chinese culture and is well documented in Chinese history. It will never be easy to tackle corruption, but it requires determination and perseverance of the leadership to get to the heart of the problem and to build a systematic approach that could address the problem. Cleaning corruption is one thing, tackling bureaucracy is quite another. Red tape is considered a barrier to business and it hinders decision making. From Premier Li's speech, he said the government is trying to build a smaller, more efficient and streamlined administration by canceling more than 200 items once required to be reviewed or approved from central government and by delegating some items to local government for approval in order to make it easier to invest and to start a new business in China.
We have not only seen the government's efforts on streamlining the administration but also witnessed the government's commitment to reducing its intervention in the market. State-owned enterprise reform is one of the biggest problems for a transitional economy, and China is no exception. Over the past few decades, state-owned enterprises (SOE) have enjoyed privilege as being owned by the government. SOE once dominated almost every sector of the economy. But that has become history. China is taking a gradualist approach to reform its state sectors. Waves of privatization of SOE in China have occurred, but mostly the smaller SOE were privatized, not the bigger ones. It is rather difficult to set free a big fat cow producing milk. On one hand the planning economy's ideologies are hostility toward the concept of privatization, but on the other hand as the economy is transitioning to a market-oriented economy, China will inevitably need to address inefficiency and low quality in management on top of government intervention among the SOEs. "We will formulate measures for non-state capital to participate in investment projects of central government enterprises," Li said in his speech. Private capital will have the opportunity to compete and to participate in a number of areas such as banking, oil, electricity, telecommunications, railway, and public utilities. All these areas are still monopolized under the arms of SOEs. As the government is going to loosen its monopolistic control over these areas, new waves of investment opportunities will be created and enjoyed by private capital.
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