In reality, these horses came from the vast lands west of Han Dynasty China, a region known as Xiyu, or Western Regions. It was across this expanse that the envoy Zhang Qian traveled in the 2nd century BC, sent by Emperor Wu to seek both allies and the famed "heavenly steeds" in the struggle against the Xiongnu, the cavalry of which had once besieged the emperor's own great-grandfather, the Han Dynasty's founder — an episode that laid bare the formidable power of mounted warriors.
After 13 years on the road — 10 of them spent in Xiongnu captivity — Zhang returned in 126 BC with news of the powerful, long-legged horses of the Ferghana Valley, known in Han times as Dayuan or the Great Yuan.
The Han court was pushed to open new diplomatic routes, engage distant kingdoms and confront rival powers across Central Asia, thereby creating channels through which silk, metals, technology, crops, religions and artistic ideas began to move between the East and the West. These channels, which anchored China's earliest major encounters with the wider world, would later become known collectively as the Ancient Silk Road.
The galloping bronze horse unearthed in Wuwei captures the exuberant spirit of its age — speed, expansion, and the confidence of a frontier dynasty — at the very moment when the idea of China as a unified, centralized state was taking firm shape.
